14 Ancient Cities Around the World Where People Still Live Today
Across the globe, certain cities have withstood the test of time—serving as cradles of civilization, trade, culture, and innovation for millennia. These ancient cities are not just leftover relics of the past but alive, buzzing, thriving communities living their history. It’s terrific walking through these cities.
These ancient urban centers bridge history and modern-day life, offering glimpses into vibrant cultures, centuries-old traditions, and humanity’s resilience. Many historic and natural sites have transitioned to becoming archeological wonders, but some remain actively inhabited. Here are 14 ancient cities that continue to thrive and adapt while maintaining remarkable ties to the past.
Jericho, Palestine
Often called the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, Jericho’s roots stretch back to around 10,000 BCE.
Nestled within the West Bank, the city’s historical prominence is underscored by its archeological findings, including ancient walls and remnants of sophisticated irrigation systems. Today, Jericho thrives as an agricultural town and a touchpoint for travelers tracing human history.
Byblos, Lebanon
Byblos, perched along the Mediterranean coast, has been continuously inhabited since around 7,000 BCE. Its ruins are a UNESCO World Heritage site and serve as a window to view the evolution of Phoenician civilization. The Greek word for book comes from the city’s name, cementing its role in literary history for people because of the ancient papyrus trade.
For thousands of years, Byblos has fascinated visitors with its seaside charm. Today, it merges vibrant local culture with its storied past.
Athens, Greece
Athens needs no introduction. With its iconic Acropolis and Parthenon, it’s not just the birthplace of democracy but also a symbol of Western civilization. Settled for more than 3,000 years, Athens retains its classical monuments while buzzing with the vigor of a modern metropolis.
While the ancient relics tell the stories of philosophers like Socrates and Plato, the cosmopolitan streets reflect a thriving cultural nexus. Athens continues to honor its ancient roots amid its contemporary evolution.
Varanasi, India
Referred to as Kashi or Benares, Varanasi is arguably one of the oldest cities on Earth, with a continuous history beyond 3,000 years. It is an important pilgrimage site for Buddhists, Hindus, and Jains and sits on the sacred Ganges River.
The city embodies the essence of Hindu spirituality, standing as a hub for meditation, learning, and sacred rituals. Modern-day Varanasi remains a captivating blend of timeless traditions and lively markets.
Rome, Italy
The “Eternal City” is a monument to almost 3,000 years of history. Once the powerhouse of the Roman Empire, modern Rome still holds remnants of its grandeur—from the Colosseum to the Roman Forum.
Rome is a vibrant city where history breathes through every street. While tourists flock to its landmarks, Romans continue their daily lives against the backdrop of a global treasure.
Istanbul, Turkey
Over the centuries, Istanbul has worn many faces—Byzantium, Constantinople, and now the bustling metropolis straddling Europe and Asia. With a population of more than 15 million, it’s as dynamic as it is historic.
Istanbul’s unique position guaranteed that it became a melting pot of cultures, religions, and ideas. With stunning mosques, palaces, and vibrant bazaars, Istanbul has uniquely blended the past with the present.
Cairo, Egypt
Built near the ancient city of Memphis, Cairo is more than just Egypt’s modern capital—it’s an anchor connecting humanity to the Pyramids and the Nile’s rich legacy. The megacity, with over 10 million residents, blends contemporary chaos with antiquity.
Cairo is more than a city; it is an encyclopedia of Egyptian civilization. The Great Pyramid of Giza and the bustling souks give Cairo limitless exploration opportunities.
Tbilisi, Georgia
Nestled in the Caucasus region, Tbilisi’s vibrant cultural scene and medieval past coexist within its charming skyline. With its history as a ‘crossroads of cultures,’ Tbilisi’s architecture portrays it as the hub along the Silk Road.
Tbilisi’s allure, with narrow cobblestone alleys and thermal bathhouses, has stood the test of time. Today, it’s home to around 1.2 million people.
Sanaa, Yemen
Renowned for its mud-brick skyscrapers, Sanaa has been continuously inhabited for over 2,500 years. Its unique architecture and Old City, designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, tell stories of a bygone era still alive in its traditions.
Despite modern challenges, Sanaa’s charm and spirit endure—its labyrinthine streets offer a window into Yemen’s rich history.
Lhasa, Tibet
Lhasa, “Land of the Gods,” is the spiritual heartbeat of Tibetan Buddhism. Dominated by landmarks like the Potala Palace and Jokhang Temple, the city retains a mystical aura while housing a population of around 580,000 in 2022, according to CEIC Data.
Lhasa continues to evoke spiritual and cultural admiration, making it a must-see for anyone captivated by heritage and faith.
Machu Picchu (Nearby Town), Peru
Though Machu Picchu is a preserved archeological wonder, Aguas Calientes—the nearby town—is a gateway for explorers venturing to this iconic site. Nestled in a lush, green valley surrounded by towering mountains and misty clouds, the place contrasts the ancient and modern.
Still filled with bustling markets, cozy cafes, and a multitude of accommodation options, Agua Calientes is a well-earned resting point for travellers who want to save their energy for ascending the famed Incan citadel. It is a hub of vibrant activity, marrying the beauty of local culture with the thrill of action amidst one of the world’s most wonderful spectacles.
Damascus, Syria
For more than 4,000 years, Damascus has sat as a cultural and commercial epicenter, often described as the Pearl of the East. It is known for its sprawling souks and historical mosques; this UNESCO World Heritage Site embodies a wave of civilizations.
As reported by Macrotrends, the city is home to nearly 2.5 million residents and captures a unique blend of old and new, from medieval structures to modern urban life. Historian Philip Mansel notes that “Damascus is a city that has absorbed many cultures and religions over millennia”—a testament to its historical vibrancy.
Aleppo, Syria
Aleppo is another gem of ancient civilization, first settled in the 2nd millennium BCE. This once-thriving trade hub held a strategic location along historic trade routes like the Silk Road. Today, efforts to restore its iconic landmarks, such as the towering Citadel and labyrinthine marketplace, are ongoing.
A UNESCO report underscores Aleppo’s significance, emphasizing its harmonious architectural fabric of mosques, suqs, and caravanserais. But the spirit of Aleppo — and its remarkably resolute community — has persisted.
Cuzco, Peru
Once the capital of the mighty Inca Empire, Cuzco remains a historical jewel. Its blend of indigenous and colonial architecture makes it an unparalleled cultural hub in South America. The National Museum of the American Indian refers to Cuzco as the heart of the great Inca civilization.
Today, it’s a bustling city home to roughly 430,000 people, offering adventure and history.
Disclaimer – This list is solely the author’s opinion based on research and publicly available information.
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